But hundreds of enslaved men, women and children were fleeing to Union-controlled areas in the South, such as Fortress Monroe in Virginia, where Gen. Benjamin F. Butler had declared them “contraband” of war, defying the Fugitive Slave Law mandating their return to their owners. And being made, it must stand. The Emancipation Proclamation, or Proclamation 95, was a presidential proclamation and executive order issued by United States President Abraham Lincoln on September 22, 1862, during the Civil War. The Proclamation only gave the Lincoln Administration the legal basis to free the slaves in the areas of the South that were still in rebellion on January 1, 1863. The fourth paragraph of the proclamation explains that Lincoln issued it, "by virtue of the power in me vested as Commander-in-Chief, of the Army and Navy of the United States in time of actual armed rebellion against the authority and government of the United States, and as a fit and necessary war measure for suppressing said rebellion". Black Americans were permitted to serve in the Union Army for the first time, and nearly 200,000 would do so by the end of the war. 139–40, Ira Berlin et al., eds, Freedom: A Documentary History of Emancipation 1861–1867, Vol. The Emancipation Proclamation was the means by which Lincoln turned the Civil War into a war on slavery. [4] Even though it excluded areas not in rebellion, it still applied to more than 3.5 million of the 4 million enslaved people in the country. Lincoln wasn’t an abolitionist.

[84][page needed] George Washington Albright, a teenage slave in Mississippi, recalled that like many of his fellow slaves, his father escaped to join Union forces. Slavery was “an unqualified evil to the negro, the white man, and the State,” said Abraham Lincoln in the 1850s. [110], Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. made many references to the Emancipation Proclamation during the civil rights movement.

[102], Mayor Abel Haywood, a representative for workers from Manchester, England, wrote to Lincoln saying, "We joyfully honor you for many decisive steps toward practically exemplifying your belief in the words of your great founders: 'All men are created free and equal. List the name of the general collection, followed by a semicolon. [72], Union-occupied areas of the Confederate states where the proclamation was put into immediate effect by local commanders included Winchester, Virginia,[73] Corinth, Mississippi,[74] the Sea Islands along the coasts of the Carolinas and Georgia,[75] Key West, Florida,[76] and Port Royal, South Carolina. An early program of Reconstruction was set up for the former slaves, including schools and training. On June 11, 1963, President Kennedy appeared on national television to address the issue of civil rights. “It is, in fact, the central act of my administration, and the great event of the 19th century. They are not yet freed from social and economic oppression. Ensure that the finished citation appears as follows: Emancipation Proclamation, January 1, 1863; Presidential Proclamations, 1791-1991; Record Group 11; General Records of the United States Government; National Archives. Lincoln's friend Orville Hickman Browning told the president that the Proclamation and the suspension of habeas corpus had been "disastrous" for his party by handing the Democrats so many weapons. My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union, and is not either to save or to destroy slavery. Specific exemptions were stated for areas also under Union control on January 1, 1863, namely 48 counties that would soon become West Virginia, seven other named counties of Virginia including Berkeley and Hampshire counties, which were soon added to West Virginia, New Orleans and 13 named parishes nearby. The Confederacy stated that the black U.S. soldiers captured while fighting against the Confederacy would be tried as slave insurrectionists in civil courts—a capital offense with automatic sentence of death.

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